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  Metadata Resources  

	General
2000.03.08	Articles
	BibTex
1999.06.29	Conferences, Workshops
1999.12.10	Dublin Core
2000.02.15	Geographic/Spatial Metadata
	GILS Metadata
1999.05.20	Identifiers (DOI / Handle / PURL / URx)
	LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF)
	Metadata and WWW
2000.02.15	Metadata Compare, Mapping, and Review
	Metadata Software
2000.04.15	PICS
	Projects
2000.04.15	Resource Description Framework
	RFC1807
	TEI Header
1999.11.17	Other Metadata
1999.07.14	Resource Pages for Metadata

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Metadata Glossary [UKOLN]

ALCTS Meta Access Taskforce

CIESIN Metadata

Interoperability of CIESIN Metadata With Various Standards
CIESIN recognizes that different types of data resources from different disciplines are best represented using the metadata content most appropriate for each. That is to say, bibliographic data sets are best described using MARC; spatially referenced data sets using the Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata; satellite data using the Directory Interchange Format (DIF); and so forth. These standards and others must be sought out, evaluated and incorporated into CIESIN's information systems.

Guide to Creating Core Descriptive Metadata; Draft 3

This document is intended to help people who have no training in cataloging or indexing to create simple descriptive records for information resources (for example, electronic documents). Creators of these records include authors, editors, and World-Wide Web (WWW) site administrators. The descriptive information about an information resource is called metadata, which simply means data about data.

Metadata; Northeast Parallel Architectures Center at Syracuse University, Syracuse NY

- March 95 OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop
- April 95 Metadata talk by Larry Brandt at the Intelink Conference
- May 5, 95 discussion paper pointed to in Brandt's message linked next
- May 22, 95 Message from Larry Brandt -> Barbara Mihalas -> NPAC project leaders

Articles

Qin, Jian. 2000. Representation and organization of information in the web Space: From MARC to XML. Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Discipline, 3(2). <http://inform.nu/Articles/Vol3/v3n2p83-88.pdf>.

Representing and organizing information in libraries has a long tradition of using rules and standards. As the very first standard encoding format for bibliographic data in libraries, MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) format is being joined by a large number of new formats since the late 1980s. The new formats, mostly SGML/HTML based, are actively taking a role in representing and organizing networked information resources. This article briefly describes the historical connection between MARC and the newer formats for representing information and the current development in XML applications that will benefit information/knowledge management in the new environment.

±è¼ºÇõ. 1997. "¹®Çå ±¸Á¶È­¿Í ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ", IT'97 Proceedings. <http://yeonam.skku.ac.kr/~icat/seminar/it97/Track4/Track4E/sld001.htm>.

Àå¿øÈ£, ¹ÚÀÎÈ£, °­Çö¼®, ¹èÁ¾¹Î. 1998. ÀüÀÚ µµ¼­°üÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸ÞŸ Á¤º¸ °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ. <http://schema.gsnu.ac.kr/jwh/digital.htm>.

[abstract] ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È¯°æ¿¡¼­ ÀüÀÚ µµ¼­ÀÇ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¿Í °Ë»öÀ» À§ÇØ ÀüÀÚ µµ¼­°ü(Digital Library)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀüÀÚ µµ¼­°üÀÇ ÀüÀÚ µµ¼­¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸®Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¸ÞŸ Á¤º¸(metadata)ÀÇ È¿À²Àû °ü¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â Dublin Core¿¡¼­ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ ÀüÀÚ ¹®¼­ÀÇ ¸ÞŸ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀüÀÚ µµ¼­°üÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ½ºÅ°¸¶¿Í À̸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¼³°èÇÑ´Ù.

ALCTS Committee on Cataloging: Description and Access. 1998. Task Force on Metadata and the Cataloging Rules Final Report, draft. <http://www.ala.org/alcts/organization/ccs/ccda/tf-tei2.html>.

The purpose of this report is to facilitate the work of the Committee and to provide a means for outreach to both library and non-library cataloging communities. This document is intended for the exclusive use of CC:DA and its cataloging constitutencies, and is presented as a discussion document in the ongoing process of rule revision. Under no circumstances should the information here be copied or re-transmitted without prior consultation with the current Chair of CC:DA.

Arms, Caroline R. 1997. Access Aids and Interoperability. American Memory White Papers, Library of Congress. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/interop.html>.

This document and two others are intended to take the place of the 1994 document titled Elements of Digital Historical Collections. The documents have been prepared, in part, to offer guidance to applicants in the Library of Congress/Ameritech competition.

Baker, Thomas. 1999. Organizing the Web: an Update on the Metadata Movement. <http://www.cs.ait.ac.th/~tbaker/Kyunghee.html>.

Its sections are called "What is metadata?", "Dublin Core and other metadata packages", "What metadata can express", and "Getting started". I mention element sets such as DC, GILS, INDECS, and IMS; the CIMI guide; resources such as D-Lib and the IFLA Bibliography; RDF and data models; the IFLA model; Lego and track gauges.

Bearman, David, Eric Miller, Godfrey Rust, Jennifer Trant, Stuart Weibel. 1999. "A Common Model to Support Interoperable Metadata: Progress report on reconciling metadata requirements from the Dublin Core and INDECS/DOI Communities", D-Lib Magazine, January 1999. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january99/bearman/01bearman.html>.

The Dublin Core metadata community and the INDECS/DOI community of authors, rights holders, and publishers are seeking common ground in the expression of metadata for information resources. Recent meetings at the 6th Dublin Core Workshop in Washington DC sketched out common models for semantics (informed by the requirements articulated in the IFLA Functional Requirements for the Bibliographic Record) and conventions for knowledge representation (based on the Resource Description Framework under development by the W3C). Further development of detailed requirements is planned by both communities in the coming months with the aim of fully representing the metadata needs of each. An open "Schema Harmonization" working group has been established to identify a common framework to support interoperability among these communities. The present document represents a starting point identifying historical developments and common requirements of these perspectives on metadata and charts a path for harmonizing their respective conceptual models. It is hoped that collaboration over the coming year will result in agreed semantic and syntactic conventions that will support a high degree of interoperability among these communities, ideally expressed in a single data model and using common, standard tools.

Dovey, Matthew. 1999. "Meta-Objects - An Object Oriented Approach to Metadata", Ariadne, 19. <http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue19/meta-objects/>.

Ercegovac, Zorana. 1998. "Minimal Level Cataloging: What does It Mean for Maps in the Contexts of Card Catalogs, Online Catalogs, and Digital Libraries?", Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49(8): 706-719.

[abstract] In this article, we examine some of the proposals which have dealt with the problems in cataloging in two different technological contexts: Printed-card catalogs and online catalogs. We first look at some of the measures which attempted to deal with the "crisis in cataloging" at the Library of Congress in the 1940s. Then we address some of the current problems in cataloging in the era of online public access catalogs (OPACs). In particular, we discuss the extent to which minimal-level cataloging, as defined by the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and implemented in the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC?) database, works for maps. Our discussion is organized around two main groups of access points: Controlled vocabulary data elements, including name data elements, and free-text data elements. In closing, we discuss prospects that the next generation of online catalogs using the Z39.50 protocol and SGML format might offer to minimal-level cataloging for maps.

EU-NSF Working Group on Metadata. 1998. Metadata for Digital Libraries: a Research Agenda. Draft 10 (final approved version). <http://www.ercim.org/publication/ws-proceedings/EU-NSF/metadata.html>.

The EU-NSF Working Group on Metadata was one of five study groups funded jointly by the US National Science Foundation and the European Union (through ERCIM, the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics) on strategic issues in technology for digital libraries during 1997-98. The purpose of these groups was to identify digital library research areas that could profitably be addressed through international collaboration.

Garfinkel, Simson. 1997. Metadata, Sooner or Later

Technology News from Wired News

Husby, Ole. 1997. "Metadata", Document Publishing & Delivery: ELAG Library Systems Seminar - 21, Gdansk, Poland, 18 - 20 June 1997. <http://www.bibsys.no/elag97/metadata.html>.

Network documents / Traditional cataloguing of network documents / Cataloguing robots / What is metadata? / Different metadata systems / Dublin Core Metadata Element Set / The Nordic Metadata Project / Some conclusions

Iannella, Renato. 1998. "Mostly Metadata: A Bit Smarter Technology", RDU Reports, Distributed Systems Technology Centre. <http://www.dstc.edu.au/RDU/publications/m_vala98/>.

[abstract] This paper will report on some of the future issues for metadata. In particular, it will address the outstanding research and development practices that need further attention in order to move towards systems that fully exploit metadata. That is, metadata that can behave smarter.

Iannella, Renato, and Andrew Waugh. 1997. "Metadata: Enabling the Internet", RDU Reports, Distributed Systems Technology Centre. Also CAUSE97 Conference, April, 1997. <http://www.dstc.edu.au/RDU/publications/m_vala98/>.

[abstract] This paper reviews some of the more popular Internet metadata systems and summarises the issues faced with moving towards supporting electronic metadata. The paper will also outline how the use of metadata will increase the level of precision and recall for WWW search engines, thus, "enabling the Internet".

Manola, Frank. 1998. Towards a Web Object Model. <http://www.objs.com/OSA/wom.htm>.

Today, the World Wide Web is a global information repository of resources primarily consisting of syntactically-structured HTML documents and MIME-typed files. These relatively unstructured data models do not provide the foundation for command and control situation modeling or enterprise computing, or for a new generation of tools to operate on a more semantically-structured, knowledge-based web. Richer base data model(s) are needed that converge the benefits of emerging Web structuring mechanisms and distributed object service architectures.
A number of ongoing activities are attempting to merge aspects of object models with those of the World Wide Web. This paper describes a number of these activities, with particular emphasis on those which focus on providing enhanced facilities for representing metadata for describing Web (and other) resources. The intent of this paper is to:

• describe key examples of existing work from the Web, database, and OMG communities that contribute both ideas and technology toward providing the components of a Web object model
• identify some key underlying principles behind this work
• identify a framework which allows this work to be unified and extended to support the requirements of advanced Web applications for object technology

Metadata, Dublin Core and USMARC: a review of current efforts. Library of Congress Discussion Paper no.99.

Jan. 21, 1997

Milstead, Jessica, and Susan Feldman. 1999. "Metadata: Cataloging by Any Other Name ...", Online, 23(1). <http://www.onlineinc.com/onlinemag/OL1999/milstead1.html>.

What is Metadata? / The Need for Metadata / Creating Metadata / Search Engines and Metadata / How Does Metadata Affect Searching? / Problems and Stumbling Blocks / Prognostications

Milstead, Jessica, and Susan Feldman. 1999. "Metadata Projects and Standards", Online, 23(1). <http://www.onlineinc.com/onlinemag/OL1999/milstead1.html#projects>.

Standards / Metadata Systems / Metadata Registries / The Dublin Core and Its Relatives / Geospatial and Biological Metadata Projects / Other Metadata Projects / Vocabularies / Data Element Content / Handling Address Changes / The Metadata Dilemma

Roszkowski, Michael, and Christopher Lukas. 1998. "A Distributed Architecture for Resource Discovery Using Metadata", D-Lib Magazine June 1998. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june98/scout/06roszkowski.html>.

[abstract] This article describes an approach for linking geographically distributed collections of metadata so that they are searchable as a single collection. We describe the infrastructure, which uses standard Internet protocols such as the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and the Common Indexing Protocol (CIP), to distribute queries, return results, and exchange index information. We discuss the advantages of using linked collections of authoritative metadata as an alternative to using a keyword indexing search-engine for resource discovery. We examine other architectures that use metadata for resource discovery, such as Dienst/NCSTRL, the AHDS HTTP/Z39.50 Gateway, and the ROADS initiative. Finally, we discuss research issues and future directions of the project.

Rust, Godfrey. 1998. "Metadata: The Right Approach", D-Lib Magazine, July/August 1998. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july98/rust/07rust.html>.

An Integrated model for descriptive and rights metadata in E-commerce.

Tennant, Roy (1998). "21st-Century Cataloging", Library Journal, April 15, 1998. <http://www.bookwire.com/ljdigital/diglibs.article$8260>.

[contents] Does MARC translate? / Dublin Core emerges / Outside the Core

Thomas, Charles F., and Linda S. Griffin. 1998. "Who Will Create The Metadata For The Internet?" First Monday, 3(12). <http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_12/thomas/index.html>.

After metadata schemes are established for the Internet, the next major obstacle will be to persuade information creators to use these schemes. To date, no mechanism has been effective in promoting the use of metadata for the Internet. This article examines the reasons why major categories of information providers may not see metadata as a worthwhile investment. Once these reasons are explained, the authors offer an alternative solution to create a "metadata explosion."

Waugh, Andrew. 1998. "Specifying Metadata Standards for Metadata Tool Configuration", Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference. <http://www7.conf.au/programme/fullpapers/1896/com1896.htm>.

[abstract] A critical problem for metadata applications is flexibility. A metadata application must be sufficiently flexible to cope with changes to metadata standards over time and to allow users to extend a standard to cope with local requirements. A key component of supporting flexible metadata applications is software which can be dynamically configured by a specification of the metadata standard. By contrast, in current metadata software the metadata standard is embedded in the code, making changes relatively more difficult and expensive. Configurable software also leads to better tools at a lower cost, as it is not necessary to re-implement functionality for every new metadata standard. This paper describes a metadata specification designed to support dynamic configuration of metadata software by capturing features of metadata standards. The specification comprises three components: the classification of the metadata standard, the metadata schema, and the metadata expression.

Weibel, Stuart. 1995. "Metadata: The Foundation of Resource Description", Annaul Review of OCLC Research 1995. <http://www.oclc.org/oclc/research/publications/review95/part2/weibel.htm>.

[abstract] OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) convened the invitational Metadata Workshop on March 1-3, 1995, in Dublin, Ohio, to attempt to define a simple metadata record that sufficiently describes a wide range of electronic objects. Fifty-two librarians, archivists, humanities scholars, and geographers, as well as standards makers in the Internet, Z39.50, and Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) communities, attended the workshop. They sought to identify the scope of the problem, to achieve consensus on a list of metadata elements that would yield simple descriptions of data in a wide range of subject areas, and to lay the groundwork for further progress in defining metadata elements that describe electronic information.

BibTex

Jacobsen, Dana. 1996.BibTex

BibTeX is a program and file format designed by Oren Patashnik and Leslie Lamport in 1985 for the LaTeX document preparation system. The format is entirely character based, so it can be used by any program (although the standard character set for accents is TeX). It is field (tag) based and the BibTeX program will ignore unknown fields, so it is expandable. It is probably the most common format for bibliographies on the Internet.

Walsh, Norman. Help on BibTex

BibTeX to DC [Electronic Visualization Library]

The current activity in defining a suitable set of metadata attributes known as Dublin Core makes it necessary to define mappings from existing formats to this new format. Since the Electronic Visualization Library uses BibTeX as its base metadata set, we have defined a mapping.

Conferences, Workshops

Day, Michael, and Andy Stone. 1999. "The Third Luxembourg Metadata Workshop", Ariadne, 20. <http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue20/metadata/>.

Michael Day and Andy Stone report from the third Metadata Workshop and Concertation Meeting organised by European Commission DGXIII/E2 and held in Luxembourg on the 12 April 1999.

European Commission Telematics for Libraries. 1999. Third Metadata Workshop. <http://www.echo.lu/libraries/en/metadata/metadata3.html>.

1999.4.12

Luxembourg

Proceedings of the Third IEEE META-DATA Conference
<http://computer.org/conferen/proceed/meta/1999/>.

1999.4.6-7

National Institutes of Health, Natcher Center, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland

Workshop on Linkage from Citations to Electronic Journal LIterature
<http://www.niso.org/linkge.html>.

1999.2.11

Embassy Suites, Hotel-Chevy Chase Pavilion, Washington, DC

EDtEUR / BIC / BISAC Metadata Workshop.
<http://www.bic.org.uk/bic/rights.html>.

• 18-19 June 1998
• RR Donnelly & Sons, 99 Park Avenue, New York, NY
• Rights metadata for E-commerce.

European Commission Libraries Support Team. 1998. Report of the Metadata Workshop held in Luxembourg, 26 June 1998.
<http://www2.echo.lu/libraries/en/metadata2.html>.

Reports on the second Metadata Workshop held by the European Commission Directorate General XIII-E/4 26th June 1998 in Luxembourg.

Metadata Registries Workshop

• 15-17 April 1998
• Washington, D.C.
• The purpose of the workshop is to bring together persons implementing or intending to implement Metadata Registries to:
  • provide a forum for information exchange
  • encourage collaboration in the development and exchange of metadata content between registries and
  • encourage collaboration in the development of metadata registry implementations.
• The workshop will focus on metadata registries that are based on international and national standards including ISO/IEC 11179, Specification and Standardization of Data Elements and ANSI DPANS X3.285, Metamodel for the Management of Sharable Data. The registries may be World Wide Web (WWW) accessible, using standards such as HTML, XML and the Resource Description Framework (RDF) for both human and machine interfaces. IEEE P1489, Draft Standard for Data Dictionaries for Intelligent Transportation Systems is another standard that is based upon the ISO/IEC 11179 standard.

Managing Metadata for The Digital Library: Crosswalks Or Chaos?

- 4-5 May 1998
- Washington, D.C.
Cosponsored by the Association for Library Collections & Technical Services (ALCTS) and the Library and Information Technology Association (LITA).
Part of the challenge of building digital libraries is developing the metadata infrastructure needed to manage, maintain, and deliver digital materials. Metadata for the digital library encompasses not only traditional cataloging information, but also all of the information necessary to construct, preserve, and control the access to and presentation of digital content. This institute brings together experts in the metadata and digital library fields to present the latest developments, standards, and tools, and to explore the impact of digital library development on our existing catalogs and processes.

CNI/OCLC Image Metadata Workshop Report

- 24-25 September 1996
- Dublin, Ohio

Second DELOS Workshop. Metadata and Interoperability.

- 7-8 October 1996
- Bonn, Germany

DL 96 Metadata for Describing Information in the Digital Library Working Session

EC Metadata Workshop

- 1-2 December 1997
- Luxembourg
http://hosted.ukoln.ac.uk/ec/metadata-1997/
http://www2.echo.lu/libraries/en/metadata.html
DGXIII/E-4 organised a concertation meeting and workshop for projects and other interested people involved in developing and applying metadata for the classification of content relevant to libraries, museums and archives. The libraries sector took this initiative because of the original and innovative work carried out in the area instigated by the libraries community worldwide (such as the Dublin Core).

Yeates, Robin. 1998. "Report of 2nd Metadata Workshop, Luxembourg", Library Technology, 3(4).
<http://www.sbu.ac.uk/litc/lt/1998/news929.html>.

Reports on the second Metadata Workshop held by the European Commission Directorate General XIII-E/4 26th June 1998 in Luxembourg.

IEEE Workshop on Metadata for Sci & Tech Data Management 5/94

The workshop was sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Mass Storage Systems, with Francis Bretherton acting as the workshop chair. The workshop was held on May 15-18, 1994, at the National Archives II in Washington, D.C. There was a broad representation of disciplines and organizations at the workshop. A total of 62 persons participated. A list of attendees is available. The purpose of this workshop was to bring together individuals with a common interest in managing and using large stores of scientific and technical data. The focus was to define a framework for metadata (data describing the stored data). A variety of different data types and formats were addressed, such as: images, audio, video, tables, arrays, graphics, algorithms and procedures, and documents. There is a need to expedite the access and use of this data, and to promote interdisciplinary sharing of the data.

IEEE Metadata Conference 96 proceedings

IEEE Metadata'97 Proceedings

MD97 (2nd IEEE Metadata Conference)

RLG Metadata Summit Meeting Report

- Organized by the Research Libraries Group
- Mountain View, California
- July 1, 1997

Seminar on International Metadata Developments - 6 March 1997

6 March 1997, National Library of Australia, Canberra.

VADS Metadata Workshop Report

Dublin Core

Kunze, J. December-1999. RFC 2731: Encoding Dublin Core Metadata in HTML. <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt>.

The Dublin Core [DC1] is a small set of metadata elements for describing information resources. This document explains how these elements are expressed using the META and LINK tags of HTML [HTML4.0]. A sequence of metadata elements embedded in an HTML file is taken to be a description of that file. Examples illustrate conventions allowing interoperation with current software that indexes, displays, and manipulates metadata, such as [SWISH-E], [freeWAIS-sf2.0], [GLIMPSE], [HARVEST], [ISEARCH], etc., and the Perl [PERL] scripts in the appendix.

Drenth, B.D., et al. 1999. Guide to Best Practice: Dublin Core. Consortium for the Computer Interchange of Museum Information <http://www.cimi.org/documents/meta_bestprac_final_ann.html>.

This document is one important result of the Dublin Core Testbed, an on-going effort to explore the usability, simplicity, and technical feasibility of Dublin Core for museum information. The Guide addresses Dublin Core 1.0 as documented in RFC 2413. Recommendations expressed in the Guide are based on the experiences of the Testbed participants and are designed to provide direction on representing cultural heritage resources as currently captured and described in typical museum collections information management systems.

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. 1999-07-02. Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Reference Description. Version 1.1. <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1>.

The document summarizes the proposed updated definitions for the Dublin Core metadata elements as originally defined in [RFC2413]. These new definitions will be officially known as Version 1.1.

Miller, Eric, Paul Miller, and Dan Brickley. 1999-05-26. Guidance on Expressing the Dublin Core within the Resource Description Framework (RDF). (Draft Proposal). <http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/resources/dc/datamodel/WD-dc-rdf/>.

This document is a Working Draft of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, and is intended to reflect consensus reached within the Data Model Working Group of that Initiative.

Weibel, Stuart. 1999. "The State of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative: April 1999", D-Lib Magazine, 5(4). <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april99/04weibel.html>.

One hundred and one experts in resource description convened in Washington, D.C., November 2 through November 4, 1998, for the sixth Dublin Core Metadata Workshop. The registrants represented 16 countries on 4 continents, and many disciplines. As with previous workshops, many new issues were opened, and vigorous debate was a hallmark of the event.
Unlike previous workshops, the focus of DC-6 was not to resolve questions in plenary meetings, but rather to identify unresolved issues and assign them to formal working groups for resolution. The result of this process was an ambitious workplan for 1999. This report summarizes that workplan, highlights the progress that has made been on the workplan, and identifies a few significant projects that exemplify this progress.

±è¼±¹Ì (1998). Dublin Core ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ Çü½Ä È®Àå ¼³°è¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸. ÀÌÈ­¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø ¼®»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®.

Baker, Thomas. 1998. "Languages for Dublin Core", D-lib Magazine, December 1998. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december98/12baker.html>.

DC-Multilingual / Expressions, versions, or translations? / Dublin Core as a planned language / Pidgin metadata and its creolization / Interlinguas, switching languages, registries, and dictionaries / The Working Group on Dublin Core in Multiple Languages / Starting simple

Baker, Thomas. 1997. "Dublin Core in Multiple Languages: Esperanto, Interlingua, or Pidgin?", in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Research, Development and Practice in Digital Libraries : ISDL'97 <http://www.dl.ulis.ac.jp/ISDL97/proceedings/thomas/thomas.html>.

[abstract] The experience of artificial languages like Esperanto suggests they need good governance to control divergence in usage, but flexibility to evolve and grow. Language engineers have neglected to consider pidgins --- simplified hybrids invented spontaneously by speakers of different languages. If Dublin Core is pidgin metadata, perhaps it needs an interlingua --- a language-neutral set of elements mediating between richer sets --- for the collective negotiation of meanings and for managing the inevitable tension between simplicity and complexity. Adaptations of Dublin Core in languages other than English would not be mere translations of a canon, but equal participants in an ongoing revision of that canon.

Clarke, Roger. 1997. " Beyond the Dublin Core: Rich Meta-Data and Convenience-of-Use Are Compatible After All,"

This paper has been prepared by a non-librarian and non-specialist in data modelling. It is a reaction against what the author perceives as the dangerous simplicity of the Dublin Core. It explains the author's disquiet, and proposes ways in which that scheme's proponents can achieve their aims without creating something that we'll all shortly regret.

dc-general mailing list. <http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/dc-general/>.

The broadest of mailing lists related to the international Dublin Core effort.

DC Korean Registry HomePage. <http://www.kric.ac.kr/~dc_kor/dc-korean.html>.

DC-Korean Simple(V1.0) is a Korean version of simple Dublin Core. DC-Korean has been produced by Korea Research Information Center as a result of participating in the Working Group on Dublin Core in Multiple Languages.

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. <http://purl.org/DC/> or <http://www.oclc.org/oclc/research/projects/core/index.htm>.

Koch, Traugott. 1996. Metadata and Dublin Core. Introduction. <http://www.ub2.lu.se/tk/metadata/MDin9612.html>.

Lynch, Clifford (1998). "The Dublin Core Descriptive Metadata Program: Strategic Implications for Libraries and Networked Information Access", ARL Newsletter, 196. <http://arl.cni.org/newsltr/196/dublin.html>.

[abstract] This article explores the potential applications of the Dublin Core descriptive metadata program for libraries, museums, and other networked information providers. It includes a brief summary of the current thinking that has emerged from the Dublin Core initiative, including the broader metadata framework captured by the Warwick Framework, and also some consideration of the relationship with the Resource Description Framework under development by the World Wide Web Consortium, but the central focus is on applications scenarios for Dublin Core metadata

Miller. Paul, and Daniel Greenstein. 1997. Discovering Online Resources: A Practical Implementation of the Dublin Core. <http://ahds.ac.uk/public/metadata/discovery.html>.

This report discusses complex but important concepts in resource description that may possibly shape the future of resource discovery in the networked environment not only in the humanities, but in all subjects.

Peereboom, Marianne. 1998. DONOR WP1 Granularity and the Use of DC.Relation. <http://www.konbib.nl/donor/rapporten/granularity.html>.

[abstract] This document addresses some problems relating to the granularity of information entities on the Web and possible approaches to represent the structure of Web-documents in DONOR.

Rusch-Feja, Diann. 1998. "Metadata", Library and Information Services in Astronomy III, ASP Conference Series, Vol. 153. <http://www.stsci.edu/stsci/meetings/lisa3/ruschfejad.html>.

[abstract] The use of metadata for indexing digitized and non-digitized resources for resource discovery in a networked environment is being increasingly implemented all over the world. Greater precision is achieved using metadata than relying on universal search engines and furthermore, metadata can be used as filtering mechanisms for search results. An overview of various metadata sets is given, followed by a more focussed presentation of Dublin Core Metadata including examples of sub-elements and qualifiers. Especially the use of the Dublin Core Relation element provides connections between the metadata of various related electronic resources, as well as the metadata for physical, non-digitized resources. This facilitates more comprehensive search results without losing precision and brings together different genres of information which would otherwise be only searchable in separate databases. Furthermore, the advantages of Dublin Core Metadata in comparison with library cataloging and the use of universal search engines are discussed briefly, followed by a listing of types of implementation of Dublin Core Metadata.

User Guide Working Group. 1998. A User Guide for Simple Dublin Core, Draft Version 5.1. <http://purl.org/DC/documents/working_drafts/wd-guide-current.htm>.

This is a Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Working Draft for review by Dublin Core Members and other interested parties. Publication as a working draft does not imply endorsement by the Dublin Core community. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or made obsolete by future developments. It is inappropriate to cite Dublin Core Working Drafts as other than "work in progress."

Weibel, S., J. Kunze, C. Lagoze, M. Wolf. 1998. RFC2413: Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery. <ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2413.txt>.

The Dublin Core Metadata Workshop Series began in 1995 with an invitational workshop which brought together librarians, digital library researchers, content experts, and text-markup experts to promote better discovery standards for electronic resources. The Dublin Core is a 15-element set of descriptors that has emerged from this effort in interdisciplinary and international consensus building. This is the first of a set of Informational RFCs describing the Dublin Core. Its purpose is to introduce the Dublin Core and to describe the consensus reached on the semantics of each of the 15 elements.

Dublin Core Data Model WG. 1998. Dublin Core Data Model WG Decisions. <http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/dc-datamodel/files/decisions.html>.

[contents] General / Data Model / DC elements / Agents / Namespaces / Qualifiers / Repetition / Multilingual strings

DC Resource Type & Format Working Group. (1998-07-10) Format Position Paper. <http://www.agcrc.csiro.au/projects/3018CO/metadata/dc_tf/format_1.html>.

DC Resource Type & Format Working Group. (1998-07-10) Resource Type Position Paper. <http://www.agcrc.csiro.au/projects/3018CO/metadata/dc_tf/type_1.html>.

Dublin Core Examples

Dublin Core Qualifiers

Dublin Core Qualifiers/Substructure

Dublin Core Resource Types: Minimalist Draft.

Dublin Core Resource Types: Structuralist Draft.

Dublin Core Standard Resouce Types

Dublin Core TYPEs

Collated by Andrew Daviel.

Dublin Core and Metadata Projects [DSTC]

DC Open Issues and Working Papers

Syntactic Considerations for the Dublin Core

DC-ed example page

US EPA Region 2 Library

Using DC

FAST Metadata Project. <http://www.ifi.uio.no/~gisle/fast/>

ETC Electronic Trading Concepts Pty Ltd and AusIndustry. 1998-12-15. Business Entry Point Metadata 'How To' Guide. <http://about.business.gov.au/bep/agencies/provinfo/metadata/metadata.htm> or <http://about.business.gov.au/bep/agencies/provinfo/metadata/metadata_guide.pdf>

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to government agencies that make documents and services available to business via the Business Entry Point (BEP). The Business Entry Point (BEP) is a framework designed to draw together resources from all governments in Australia, such that a business seeking information and services can discover and access them in a manner that is convenient, intuitive and cost-effective. Information that describes documents and services are 'information about information', and the short form 'metadata' is commonly used. The BEP, at the time of writing, uses metadata which is slightly different to the metadata outlined in this document. Changes being made to the BEP to reflect this document will be completed in early 1999.

ÀÌÇعÎ, äÁø¼®, ÃÖÇѼ®. ±è¼ºÇõ. 1998. "´õºí¸° ÄÚ¾Æ ±â¹Ý ÇмúÁö³í¹® Á¾ÇÕ¸ñ·Ï ½Ã½ºÅÛ", Á¦25ȸ Çѱ¹Á¤º¸°úÇÐȸ Ãß°èÇмú¹ßǥȸ ³í¹®Áý. <http://www.kric.ac.kr/~hmlee/KISS98.hwp>.

[ÃÊ·Ï] Çмú¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â Çмú¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ¿¬±¸ ÁßÀÎ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÃֽŠ³í¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ø¹® Á¤º¸¿Í ÀÌ ³í¹®ÀÌ ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Â ÇмúÁöÀÇ ¼ÒÀå Á¤º¸¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Çмú¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ Ã·´ÜÇмúÁ¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ(Korea Research Information Center: KRIC)¿¡¼­´Â Àü¹®ÇмúÁ¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ(Special Research Information Center: SRIC)·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ´ëÇеµ¼­°ü¿¡¼­ ±¸µ¶ÇÏ´Â ÇмúÁö¿¡ °ÔÀçµÈ ³í¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ñ·Ï µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ÅëÇÕÇÏ´Â ÇмúÁö³í¹® Á¾ÇÕ¸ñ·Ï ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ±¸Ãà ÁßÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ´ëÇеµ¼­°ü¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ñ·Ï±â¼ú±ÔÄ¢ÀÎ MARC(MAchine Readable Cataloging) ´ë½Å ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ±â¹ÝÀÇ µðÁöÅ» µµ¼­°ü¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áö´Â ´õºí¸° ÄھƸ¦ »õ·Î¿î ¸ñ·Ï±â¼ú±ÔÄ¢À¸·Î äÅÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´õºí¸° ÄھƸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ¸ñ·ÏÀÚ´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ±³À° ¾øÀ̵µ °£ÆíÇÏ°Ô »õ·Î¿î ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇмúÁö³í¹® Á¾ÇÕ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ±¸ÃàµÇ¸é Çмú¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ¿øÇÏ´Â ³í¹®ÀÌ °Ë»öµÈ °æ¿ì, ¿ø¹®ÀÌ ±¸ÃàµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ÅëÇØ °ð¹Ù·Î ¿ø¹®À» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¿ø¹®ÀÌ ±¸ÃàµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é º¹»ç/Æѽº ¼­ºñ½º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿ø¹®À» Á¦°ø¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

Miller. Eric, and Jean Godby. 1996. "A Metalanguage for Describing Internet Resources Using the Dublin Core Element Set", INET'96 Proceedings. <http://info.isoc.org/isoc/whatis/conferences/inet/96/proceedings/a2/a2_2.htm>.

Australian Government Locator Service Working Group. 1997. Australian Government Locator Service Implementation Plan. <http://www.aa.gov.au/AA_WWW/AGLSfinal.html> or <http://www.ogit.gov.au/implementationplan.html>

Office of Government Information Technology, National Archives of Australia. 1999. The Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) Manual for Users. Version 1.1. <http://www.naa.gov.au/govserv/agls/user_manual/cover.htm>.

Office of Government Information Technology, National Archives of Australia. 1998. The Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) Manual for Users. <http://www.ogit.gov.au/pubagls/manual.PDF>.

CIMI Dublin Core Metadata Testbed Project

CIMI is a project to explore the creation of Dublin Core metadata for museums and offers an opportunity to explore assumptions made about the DC within a museum context and to make the findings available to the museum and wider Dublin Core community.

CIMI Dublin Core Metadata Testbed Phase II

This testbed continues the work that began in 1998 which served as the foundation for an evaluation of assumptions concerning the use of DC as a means to aid in resource discovery within an electronic, networked environment such as that offered by the World Wide Web. The second phase will involve several activities focused on sharing the Testbed results with the museum and larger DC community as well as to expand upon Phase I conclusions with an exploration of the extended element set (qualified Dublin Core) which offers more descriptive capabilities.

Dublin Core Metadata - Use in Environment Australia

FIU DL Metadata

FIU Digital Library Object Descriptive Record Model. <http://www.fiu.edu/~diglib/metaTable.html>.

FIU DL Metadata Creation & Maintenance Manual. <http://www.fiu.edu/~diglib/metadata/index.html>.

Gateway to Educational (GEM) Materials

GemFac (Gateway to Faculty Syllabi). <http://lis.skku.ac.kr/gemfac/index_kr.htm>.

GEM Workbench. <http://geminfo.org/Workbench/>.

GEM Metadata Element Index. <http://geminfo.org/Workbench/Metadata/metadata_index.html>.

15 Dublin Core elements, plus 8 more specific to education.

Medical Core Metadata Project

The Medical Core Metadata (MCM) Project offers tools and a syntax for describing the content of web-based biomedical documents. The goal of this effort is to aid clinicians and healthcare consumers in the retrieval of useful documents from the Internet.

Projects Using Dublin Core

Warwick Framework

Lagoze, Carl, Clifford A. Lynch, and Ron Daniel Jr. 1996. The Warwick Framework: A Container Architecture for Aggregating Sets of Metadata. Computer Science Technical Report TR96-1593, Cornell University. <http://cs-tr.cs.cornell.edu:80/Dienst/UI/1.0/Display/ncstrl.cornell/TR96-1593>.

[abstract] This document describes an architecture called the Warwick Framework, a result of the April 1996 Metadata Workshop II in Warwick U.K. The purpose of the Warwick workshop was to build on the results of the March 1995 Metadata Workshop in Dublin, Ohio, from which developed the Dublin Core metadata set. This Warwick Framework is a container architecture for aggregating logically, and perhaps physically, distinct packages of metadata. This architecture allows separate administration and access to metadata packages, provides for varying syntax in each package in conformance with semantic requirements, and it promotes interoperability and extensibility by allowing tools and agents to selectively access and manipulate individual packages and ignore others. At the conclusion of the paper we propose implementations of the Framework in HTML, MIME, SGML, and distributed objects.

Workshop

OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop

This invitational workshop convened selected professionals from diverse but related fields of computer science, librarianship, online information services, abstracting and indexing, imaging and geospatial data, museum and archive control, and others, to address and advance the state of the art in the development and extension of methods, standards, and protocols to facilitate the description, organization, discovery, and access of network information resources.

OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop Report

OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop Report

Stuart Weibel, Jean Godby, Eric Miller
Office of Research, OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Ron Daniel
Advanced Computing Lab, Los Alamos National Laboratory

OCLC/UKOLN Metadata Workshop II

The Second Invitational Metadata Workshop is intended to broaden the scope of the effort begun in March of 1995 at the OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop. The first meeting convened a mix of computer science, text markup, and library professionals who achieved consensus concerning a simple resource description record that may serve as a foundation for unifying various network resource description models.

The 4th Dublin Core Metadata Workshop

March 3 - 5, 1997
National Library of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Weibel, Stuart L. and Renato Iannella. 1997. "The 4th Dublin Core Metadata Workshop Report", D-lib Magazine, June 1997.

http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june97/metadata/06weibel.html

The 4th Dublin Core Workshop (Notes from UK participants)

The 5th Dublin Core Metadata Workshop

October 6-8, 1997.
National Library of Finland, Helsinki, Finland,

Weibel, Stuart, and Juha Hakala. 1998. "DC-5: The Helsinki Metadata Workshop: A Report on the Workshop and Subsequent Developments", D-lib Magazine, February 1998. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february98/02weibel.html>.

Miller, P., and T. Gill. "DC5: The Search for Santa", Ariadne, November 1997. <http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue12/metadata>.

The 7th Dublin Core Metadata Workshop

October 25-27, 1999.
Die Deutsche Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Geographic/Spatial Metadata

Chandler, Adam, and Dan Foley. 2000. Mapping and converting essential Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core: Towards an alternative to the FGDC clearinghouse. D-Lib Magazine, 6(1). <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january00/chandler/01chandler.html>.

The purpose of this article is to raise and address a number of issues related to the conversion of Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core. We present an analysis of 466 FGDC metadata records housed in the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) node of the FGDC Clearinghouse, with special emphasis on the length of fields and the total length of records in this set. One of our contributions is a 34 element crosswalk, a proposal that takes into consideration the constraints of the MARC21 standard as implemented in OCLC's World Cat and the realities of user behavior.

MetaData and WWW Mapping Home Page.
<http://www.blm.gov/gis/nsdi.html>.

GIS Metadata Resources

Metadata Management in GIS. ESRI White Paper, August 1995.
<http://www.esri.com/base/common/whitepapers/pdfs/metadata.pdf>.

This white paper defines metadata, describes why metadata are important, and explains the reason for metadata standards.

Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Dublin Core Element: Coverage

FGDC HomePage

Papers on Metadata for Spatial Data [Alexandria DL]

GILS Metadata

GILS Metadata Elements

GILS (Global Information Locator Service/ Government Information Locator Service)

Application Profile for GILS - Version 2.

AGLS (Australian Government Locator Service)

Identifiers (DOI / Handle / PURL / URx)

Gladney, Henry M. 1998. "Safeguarding Digital Library Contents and Users: A Note on Universal Unique Identifiers", D-Lib Magazine April 1998.
<http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april98/04gladney.html>.

[abstract] To protect intellectual property, we must unambiguously identify each item needing protection.
This seemingly simple requirement has attracted much attention recently, which surprises many software engineers because to them the essentials have long seemed obvious. One may question whether they have failed to understand complexities and issues that fuel the discussion. We argue that what has seemed simple is in fact truly simple.
Object identifiers figure in kernel software, which takes several years to write, test, and refine. This note communicates that the topic can be separated into two portions: one which figures in discussions that need to continue, and a second portion which is sufficiently understood for building durable kernel software.

Lynch, Clifford. 1997. "Identifiers and Their Roles In Networked Information Applications", ARL: A Bimonthly Newsletter of Research Library Issues and Actions, 194 (October 1997).
<http://arl.cni.org/newsltr/194/identifier.html>.

Paskin, Norman. 1997. "Information Identifiers", Learned Publishing, 10(2): 135-156.
<http://www.elsevier.nl/homepage/about/infoident/>.

Payette, Sandra. 1998. "Persistent Identifiers on the Digital Terrain", RLG DigiNews 2(2). <http://www.rlg.org/preserv/diginews/diginews22.html#Identifiers>.

Powell, Andy. 1997. "Unique Identifiers in a Digital World", Ariadne, April 1997.
<http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue8/unique-identifiers/>.

On the afternoon of Friday the 14 March more than 50 people involved in electronic publishing met for a seminar reviewing recent developments in the unique identification of digital objects. Delegates included representatives of publishers, libraries and other organisations. The seminar was organised jointly by Book Industry Communication (BIC) and the UK Office for Library and Information Networking (UKOLN) with support from the eLib programme. This is a brief report of the seminar.

Powell, Andy. 1998. "Resolving DOI Based URNs Using Squid: An Experimental System at UKOLN", D-Lib Magazine June 1998.
<http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june98/06powell.html>.

[abstract] This article describes an experimental system that allows DOIs encoded as URNs to be resolved on behalf of Web browsers by Squid. A method of encoding a DOI as a URN is described. Squid is a public domain caching proxy Web server that is widely used throughout the Internet community.

Library of Congress National Digital Library Program. 1996. Identifiers for Digital Resources. NDLP Internal Documentation.
<http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/identifiers.html>.

This paper discusses the current approach used within American Memory for identifying digital reproductions and provides a general discussion of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and Uniform Resource Names (URNs).

Library of Congress National Digital Library Program. 1996. The Relationship between URNs, Handles, and PURLs. NDLP Internal Documentation.
<http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award/docs/PURL-handle.html>.

DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

Paskin, Norman. 1999. "DOI: Current Status and Outlook", D-Lib Magazine, 5(5).
<http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may99/05paskin.html>.

[abstract] The paper describes the origin of the DOI as a persistent identifier for managing copyrighted materials and its development under the non-profit International DOI Foundation into a system providing identifiers of intellectual property with a framework for open applications to be built using them.
Persistent identification implementations consistent with URN specifications have up to now been hindered by lack of widespread availability of resolution mechanisms, content typology consensus, and sufficiently flexible infrastructure; DOI attempts to overcome these obstacles. Resolution of the DOI uses the Handle System^®, which offers the necessary functionality for open applications. The aim of the International DOI Foundation is to promote widespread applications of the DOI, which it is doing by pioneering some early implementations and by providing an extensible framework to ensure interoperability of future DOI uses. Applications of the DOI will require an interoperable scheme of declared metadata with each DOI; the basis of the DOI metadata scheme is a minimal "kernel" of elements supplemented by additional application-specific elements, under an umbrella data model (derived from the INDECS analysis) that promotes convergence of different application metadata sets. The IDF intends to require declaration of only a minimal set of metadata, sufficient to enable unambiguous look-up of a DOI, but this must be capable of extension by others to create open applications.
The Foundation intends to put into place a business model to support DOI allocation and use, probably based on a cost recovery model financed by registrants allocating DOIs via one or more registration agencies, with DOI usage free of charge, and declaration at the point of registration of a minimal "kernel" of metadata with each DOI.
Although many challenges remain to be resolved, a concept of the desired development path and long term aim is now clear.

Arms, William A. 1997. "Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) and Clifford Lynch's Five Questions on Identifiers", ARL: A Bimonthly Newsletter of Research Library Issues and Actions, 194 (October 1997).
<http://arl.cni.org/newsltr/194/arms.html>.

Bernstein, Paula. 1998. "DOI: A New Identifier for Digital Content", Searcher: The Magazine for Database Professionals, 6(1).
<http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/jan/story4.htm>.

Cox, Andrew. 1998. "Workshop Report: Digital Object Identifiers Workshop, Luxembourg", Library Technology, 26 May 1998.
<http://www.sbu.ac.uk/litc/lt/1998/news833.html>.

Summary report on DOI workshop in Luxembourg, organised by the Libraries Programme of the European Commission DGXIII.

Davidson, Lloyd A., and Kimberley Douglas. 1998. "Digital Object Identifiers: Promise and Problems for Scholarly Publishing", The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 4(2).
<http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/davidson.html>.

Origin of the DOI System / Structure of DOIs / How the DOI System Operates / DOI Size / The IDF and DOI System Management / DOI Assignments / What a DOI Identifies and/or Resolves To / DOIs and Rights Management / DOIs as Persistent Identifiers / Summary of Selected Concerns / Conclusion

DOI Foundation. 1997. A Guide to Using Digital Object Identifiers.
<http://www.doi.org/guidebook/guidebook.html>.

Paskin, Norman. 1999. "DOIs and Reference Linking", A Presentation to the NISO/NFAIS/SSP Linking Workshop.
<http://www.niso.org/paskin.html>.

Rosenblatt, Bill. 1997. "Solving the Dilemma of Copyright Protection Online", Journal of Electronic Publishing, 3(2).
<http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/03-02/doi.html>.

Key Documents Relating to DOI

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) System

Handle System

Arms, William A. 1997. "An Architecture for Information in Digital Libraries", D-Lib Magazine, February 1997.
<http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february97/cnri/02arms1.html>.

The Handle System

A Handle is a name used to identify items and other Internet resources. The Handle System is a distributed computer system which stores these names and provides the information that is needed to locate and access these items. The system ensures that handles are unique and that they can be retained over long time periods.

Persistent URL

Persistent URL Home Page

URx

van der Werf-Davelaar, Titia. 1999-3-12. Requirements and Recommendations on the Use of URIs. DONOR research reports, version 1.0.
<http://www.konbib.nl/donor/rapporten/donor-urireqrec.html>.

[abstract] This document is a recommendations document for the DONOR project. It describes the user requirements for scientific information management on the web relating to issues such as versioning, identification, location, citation and archiving of web-resources.

van der Werf-Davelaar, Titia. 1999-3-12. Identification, Location and Versioning of Web-Resources. DONOR research reports, version 1.0.
<http://www.konbib.nl/donor/rapporten/URI.html>.

[abstract] This document is a discussion document for use in developing a consensus on practical approaches to be pursued for better information management techniques and methods on the Web. This work is done in the context of the following projects: DONOR, DESIRE, NEDLIB.

Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter. 1998. RFC 2396 - Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax. http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/uri/rfc2396.txt

A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical resource. This document defines the generic syntax of URI, including both absolute and relative forms, and guidelines for their use; it revises and replaces the generic definitions in RFC 1738 and RFC 1808.

Hakala, Juha, and Traugott Koch. 1998. URN User Guide. http://www.lub.lu.se/metadata/URN-help.html

This is a help page for the Nordic libraries' URN creator provided by the "Nordic Metadata Project".

IETF - Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Working Group

IETF Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Working Group

Ron Daniel's public Home page

My current work is centered around the notion of Uniform Resource Names and Uniform Resource Characteristics. I also sneak in some Java programming every now and then, and am beginning to look more seriously at Java/CORBA integration. If you have a Java capable browser you may want to check out a small teleradiology demo I hacked together based on other people's work in the Sunrise project.

Universal Resource Names

This is a page of links to info on URNs and name resolution. There is close relationships with URLs and URCs. The general grouping of these issues is called Universal Resource Identifiers (URI).

Uniform Resource Names

This page provides pointers to our current work on URNs, and to URN software.

URC working web

The documents below are rough versions of some of the variety of standards we forsee being developed for URCs. I recommend that you read the descriptive paragraphs of all of them to get the overview before diving into the details in any one document.

Idenfitier Example Cites

Academic Press DOI Gallery

Academic Press explanation and demonstration of its work with DOIs particularly linking of cited references with articles published in Wiley journals.

Author's Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS)

This site is for the Author's Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS) which has linked the DOI system to a text numbering scheme and embedded the DOI in a text watermark using a system developed by the IMPRIMATUR project. This is done to identify any illegal use of the text.

Springer-Verlag Online First Publications

Springer-Verlag recently implemented DOIs as part of its Online-First service to make articles available electronically as they are published.

Wiley DOI Gallery

Wiley's DOI server provides a response page for all 70,000+ registered identifiers. This page has links to show case collaborative projects with Academic Press and the National Library of Medicine.

LDAP Data Interchange Format

LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF)

in A review of metadata: a survey of current resource description formats

Netscape Communications Corporation. 1997. Using LDIF

LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol [University of Antwerp]

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was designed to remove some of the burden of X.500 access from directory clients, making the directory available to a wider variety of machines and applications.

LDAP Documentation [University of Michigan]

LDAP Roadmap & FAQ [Stanford University]

A tutorial aid to navigating various LDAP and X.500 resources on the Internet.

LDAP World [Critical Angle Inc.]

LDAP World(tm) provides current information on the status of the LDAP specifications, availability of LDAP products, and deployment of LDAP-based directories. It is a free and unsupported service provided to the Internet community by Critical Angle Inc.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (Version 3) Specifications

LDAPv3 is an update developed in the IETF, which addresses the limitations found during deployment of the previous version of LDAP, RFC 1779. It also adds new features, improves compatability with X.500(1993) and also better specifies how LDAP can be used with non-X.500 and standalone directories.

Metadata and WWW

A Dictionary of HTML META Tags

Embedding Metadata in HTML 2.0

The following proposed convention reflects the consensus of a break-out group at the W3C Distributed Indexing and Searching Workshop, May 28-29, 1996, concerning tagging of meta information in HTML. This break out group included representatives of the Dublin Core/Warwick Framework Metadata meetings, Lycos, Microsoft, WebCrawler, the IEEE metadata effort, Verity Software, and the W3C.

Issues of Document Description in HTML

Liechti, Olivier, Mark J. Sifer, and Tadao Ichikawa. 1998. "Structured Graph Format: XML Metadata for Describing Web Site Structure", Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference. <http://www7.conf.au/programme/fullpapers/1850/com1850.htm>.

[abstract] To improve searching, filtering and processing of information on the Web, a common effort is made in the direction of Metadata, defined as "machine understandable information about Web resources or other things". In particular, the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) aims at providing a common syntax to emerging Metadata formats. With this idea, we propose the Structured Graph Format (SGF), an XML compliant markup language based on structured graphs, for capturing Web sites' structure. We also present SGMapper, a client-side tool, which aims to facilitate navigation in large Web sites by generating highly interactive site maps using SGF Metadata.

Marchiori, Massimo. 1998. "The Limits of Web Metadata, and Beyond", Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference. <http://www7.conf.au/programme/fullpapers/1896/com1896.htm>.

[abstract] The World Wide Web currently has a huge amount of data, with practically no classification information, and this makes it extremely difficult to handle effectively. It has been realized recently that the only feasible way to radically improve the situation is to add to Web objects a metadata classification, to help search engines and Web-based digital libraries to properly classify and structure the information present in the WWW. However, having a few standard metadata sets is insufficient in order to have a fully classified World Wide Web. The first major problem is that it will take some time before a reasonable number of people start using metadata to provide a better Web classification. The second major problem is that no one can guarantee that a majority of the Web objects will be ever properly classified via metadata. In this paper, we address the problem of how to cope with such intrinsic limits of Web metadata, proposing a method that is able to partially solve the above two problems, and showing concrete evidence of its effectiveness. In addition, we examine the important problem of what is the required "critical mass" in the World Wide Web for metadata in order for it to be really useful.

Weibel, Stuart. 1997. "The Evolving Metadata Architecture for the World Wide Web: Bringing Together the Semantics, Structure and Syntax of Resource Description", in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Research, Development and Practice in Digital Libraries : ISDL'97 <http://www.dl.ulis.ac.jp/ISDL97/proceedings/weibe.html>.

[abstract] The Internet can be thought of as a World-Wide Commons in which many previously-distinct resource description communities are mixed together. There is a need for a single metadata architecture of sufficient richness to support the many varieties of resource description that now exist or may evolve. The Resource Description Framework (RDF) represents the foundation for such an architecture on the Web.
The Dublin Core is currently the best-developed candidate for a simple resource description model for electronic resources on the Web. It represents the results of a three year process of concensus-building through a series of focussed, invitational workshops involving librarians, digital library researchers, and various content specialists from many countries.

[Web Developer's Virtual Library] META Tagging for Search Engines

We describe the use of the META tag for specifying to search engines how you would like your document to be indexed.

Metadata Compare, Mapping, and Review

Chandler, Adam, and Dan Foley. 2000. Mapping and converting essential Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core: Towards an alternative to the FGDC clearinghouse. D-Lib Magazine, 6(1). <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january00/chandler/01chandler.html>.

The purpose of this article is to raise and address a number of issues related to the conversion of Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata into MARC21 and Dublin Core. We present an analysis of 466 FGDC metadata records housed in the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) node of the FGDC Clearinghouse, with special emphasis on the length of fields and the total length of records in this set. One of our contributions is a 34 element crosswalk, a proposal that takes into consideration the constraints of the MARC21 standard as implemented in OCLC's World Cat and the realities of user behavior.

Hunter, Jane, and Liz Armstrong. 1999. "A comparison of schemas for video metadata representation", Proceedings of the WWW8 Conference. <http://www8.org/w8-papers/3c-hypermedia-video/comparison/comparison.html>.

To enable the resource discovery of audiovisual documents over the WWW, it will be necessary to define content description standards or metadata standards for complex, multi-layered, time-dependent information-rich audiovisual data streams. In particular, this is the primary goal of the emerging MPEG-7 standard, the "Multimedia Content Description Interface", under development by the MPEG group. In the past, a lot of effort has gone into generating descriptors and description schemes for video indexing but comparatively little research has been done on schemas capable of defining the structure, content and semantics of video documents and enabling validation and higher levels of automated content checking. This paper compares the capabilities of the RDF Schema, Extensible Markup Language (XML) Document Type Definitions (DTD's), Document Content Description (DCD) and Schema for Object-Oriented XML (SOX), for supporting and validating hierarchical video descriptions based on Dublin Core, MPEG-7 and a specific hierarchical structure. Finally this paper proposes a hybrid schema based on features from each of these schemas which will satisfy the MPEG-7 Description Definition Language (DDL) requirements.

±è¼Ö¹Ì, ÀÌÇý¿Á. 1997. "ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÀÚ·á¿¡ÀÇ ±â¼ú°ú Á¢±ÙÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌÅÍ Ç¥ÁØ ºñ±³ºÐ¼®", 1997³âµµ Çѱ¹Á¤º¸°ü¸®ÇÐȸ Ãß°èÇмú¹ßǥȸ ÀÚ·áÁý, 25-37.

Electronic Visualization Library. BibTeX to DC. <http://infovis.zib.de:8000/Library/dcmap.html>.

Buckland, Michael, Aitao Chen, Hui-Min Chen, Youngin Kim, Byron Lam, Ray Larson, Barbara Norgard, Jacek Purat, and Fredric Gey. 1999. "Mapping Entry Vocabulary to Unfamiliar Metadata Vocabularies", D-Lib Magazine, January 1999. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january99/buckland/01buckland.html>.

The emerging network environment brings access to an increasing population of heterogeneous repositories. Inevitably, these, have quite diverse metadata vocabularies (categorization codes, classification numbers, index and thesaurus terms). So, necessarily, the number of metadata vocabularies that are accessible but unfamiliar for any individual searcher is increasing steeply. When an unfamiliar metadata vocabulary is encountered, how is a searcher to know which codes or terms will lead to what is wanted? This paper reports work at the University of California, Berkeley, on the design and development of English language indexes to metadata vocabularies. Further details and the current status of the work can be found at the project website http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/metadata/

Burnard, Lou, and Richard Light. 1996. Three SGML Metadata Formats: TEI, EAD, and CIMI. A study for BIBLINK Work Package 1.1. <http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/BIBLINK/wp1/sgml/tei.rtf>.

Dempsey, Lorcan. 1996. "ROADS to Desire: UK and Other European Metadata and Resource Discovery Projects", D-Lib Magazine, July/August 1996. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july96/07dempsey.html

Dempsey, Lorcan, and Rachel Heery. 1997. Survey of Four Meta-Data Candidates. <http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/digilib/reports/digilib-metadata.pdf>.

Dempsey, Lorcan, and Rachel Heery. 1998. "Metadata: A Current View of Practice and Issues", Journal of Documentation, 54(2): 145-172.

d2m : Dublin Core to MARC converter

Dublin Core and IMS Metadata

The Dublin Core has 15 fields. The IMS Metadata Dictionary has 35 fields, of which 12 are core fields, required to be in all container (object) metadata field sets. 5 of the Dublin Core fields are identical in name and description to the IMS fields. Six of the IMS fields are equivalent to Dublin Core fields, having the same description, but different names. One Dublin Core field (Keywords and subject) is divided into two IMS fields (Subject, Keywords). Two Dublin Core fields, Publisher and Rights Management, are subsumed into a single, structured IMS field, Steward (with sub-fields of Commercial Agent and Usage Agent). The IMS does not have an equivalent for the Dublin Core field Coverage.

Dublin Core/MARC/GILS Crosswalk

Network Development and MARC Standards Office

Heery, Rachel. 1996. Review of Metadata Formats. <http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/review.html>.

This is a 'pre-publication draft' version of the following paper:
Review of Metadata Formats. Program Vol 30, Issue no. 4, October 1996.
In any citation please refer to the printed version.

Jacobsen, Dana.Bibliography Formats

There are a multitude of different formats in which bibliographical information can be stored. Unfortunately, there is no one "best" format, nor one "best" piece of software to access the data. What this document attempts to do is to serve as an information source about a number of different formats. Writing a converter, or just trying to understand what you've been handed by a colleague, should be easier with this information.

Lynch, Clifford. 1997. "Identifiers and Their Role in Networked Information Applications", ARL Newsletter: 194. <http://www.arl.org/newsltr/194/identifier.html>.

Making a MARC with Dublin Core

ARIADNE - web ver. issue 8 (March 1997)
Jon Knight revisits his Perl module for processing MARC records that was introduced in the last issue and adds UNIMARC, USMARC and a script that converts Dublin Core metadata into USMARC records. This article appears in the Web version of Ariadne only.

Mapping between metadata formats [UKOLN]

Mapping of DC Elements to Z39.50 Bib-1 Search Attributes

Monticello Dublin Core Element Set Crosswalk

Pierre, Margaret St., William P. LaPlant, Jr. 1998. Issues in Crosswalking Content Metadata Standards. NISO Standards White Paper. <http://www.niso.org/crsswalk.html>.

To reach the broadest community of information workers, metadata must be made available in accordance with a number of popular content metadata standards. As the number, size, and complexity of content metadata standards continues to grow, supplying the metadata for each standard becomes more and more repetitious, time consuming, and tedious. In order to minimize the amount of time needed to create and maintain the metadata and to maximize its usefulness to the widest community of users, there is a need for the metadata created and maintained in one standard to be accessible via related content metadata standards.
For the purposes of this paper, harmonization is the process of ensuring consistency in the specification of related content metadata standards. A fully specified crosswalk provides the ability to create and maintain one set of metadata, and to map that metadata to any number of related content metadata standards. In the future, fully automated crosswalks will enable search engines to function with any given family of content metadata standards. Harmonization of a family of content metadata standards is useful in the development of crosswalks among these standards. This paper distills the key issues involved in crosswalk development and identifies those areas in which harmonization can contribute.

Xu, Amanda (1998). "Metadata Conversion and the Library OPAC", The Serials Librarian 33(1/2): 179-198.

[abstract] This paper examines the metadata movement on the Internet and anticipates the need to establish a metadata repository for library collections. The library OPAC not only functions as a gateway for local and external metadata repositories, but also is equipped to extract, map, convert, and display all metadata. One of the benefits is that the newly integrated metadata can be accessed using the full functionality of the OPAC.

Metadata Software

de Niet, Marco. 1998. Functionality of Metadata Generators. DONOR research report, version 1.0, 13 November 1998. <http://www.konbib.nl/coop/donor/rapporten/generatorspec.html>.

This document describes the functionality of a tool needed for the creation of metadata, to be used within the DONOR-project. In this document, the term "metadata generator" is being used as the standard expression for this tool (in favour of terms like "metadata editor", "metadata template", "metadata composer", or "metadata creation tool"). There are at present several generators available on the Web to create metadata tags in general, or Dublin Core metadata in particular. Instead of creating a new generator from scratch, it seems advisable to adapt an existing tool to meet the needs of the DONOR target group. Therefore, after listing the functional requirements of the DONOR metadata tool, this document provides a comparison of the functionality of available metadata generators. For this survey, only generators that create or edit Dublin Core metadata (DC.metadata) have been tested. General metatag tools (e.g. TagGen) or subject related generators such as GCMD DIFweblet have not been included. Commercial generators have only been tested if a trial version is available (Bluestar Data Entry has been excluded for this reason).

de Niet, Marco. 1998. DONOR Metadata Generator Specifications. DONOR research report, version 0.4, 7 January 1998. <http://www.konbib.nl/coop/donor/rapporten/donor_gen_specs.html>.

MetaWeb's Software. <http://www.dstc.edu.au/RDU/MetaWeb/software.html>.

Site Generator and Search Engine for UNIX and WIN95/NT Platform.

DC-dot, A Dublin Core Generator

This service will retrieve a Web page and automatically generate Dublin Core metadata, either as HTML <META> tags or as RDF, suitable for embedding in the <HEAD>...</HEAD> section of the page. The generated metadata can be edited using the form provided and converted to various other formats (USMARC, SOIF, IAFA/ROADS, TEI headers, GILS or RDF) if required. Optional, context sensitive, help is available while editing.

Dublin Core Metadata Template, "Nordic Metadata Project"

The PrismEd Metadata Editor

PrismEd is a generic metadata editor that:

• is a true editor; you can save metadata instances in files and reload them for further editing.
• handles many different metadata schemas. The metadata schemas are defined using configuration files which can be loaded across the Web. No reprogramming is necessary to add a new schema. Currently, definitions for Dublin Core and ANZLIC are defined.
• handles structured and annotated metadata values.
• reads and writes RDF.
• will run on a PC or Sun platform. It is written in Java 1.1 (specifically JDK 1.1.6) and has been tested on a Sun running Solaris, and a PC running Windows NT 4.0 patch level 3.
• can be run either as an applet or as an application (i.e. a normal program).

Dublin Core Metadata Template

This service is provided by the "Nordic Metadata Project" in order to assure good support for the creation of Dublin Core metadata to the Nordic "Net-publisher" community.

Reggie - The Metadata Editor

The aim of the Reggie Metadata Editor is to enable the easy creation of various forms of metadata with the one flexible program. The Reggie Metadata Editor uses a schema file to read in the details of all the elements in a set, their characteristics and descriptions. To create metadata based on a different element set or different language, one has simply to create a new schema file.
Key features:
- Registry-based metadata creation tool
- Supports Dublin Core in 5 languages
- Supports GILS, ANZLIC, EDNA, AGLS
- Supports HTML META tags (V3.2 and V4.0)
- Supports RDF
- Online help

TagGen - Dublin Core Edition. <http://www.taggen.net/fact_sheetcc.htm>.

- Hiawatha Island Software Company - Metadata composer

What'sHot. <http://what-s-hot.vic.cmis.csiro.au/home.html>.

What'sHot is a software package designed to make it easy for people to create and manage topic specific indexes of Web resources. What is a "topic" depends entirely on the user. It may be your interests, if you are using What'sHot to manage your own bookmark collection. It may be your organization, if you are using What'sHot to index contents of your organizational Web servers. It may be some specific area of interests (for example, motorcycling) if you are maintaining an index of related Web resources.

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. Metadata Related Tools. <http://www.oclc.org/oclc/research/projects/core/tools/index.htm>

PICS

Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS)

Brickley, Dan, and Ralph R. Swick. 2000. PICS Rating Vocabularies in XML/RDF. W3C NOTE 27 March 2000. <http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-rdf-pics-20000327>.

PICS, the Platform for Internet Content Selection, is a system for associating metadata (PICS "labels") with Internet content. PICS provides a mechanism whereby independent groups can develop metadata vocabularies without naming conflict. The syntax of a PICS label is very compact and does not use any of the subsequent Web technology such as XML and XSL. RDF, the Resource Description Framework, provides a model for representing metadata that is even more general than PICS, with more expressive power, and uses XML syntax. A goal of RDF was to permit the mechanical translation of PICS metadata into RDF form. This document represents one possible mapping of PICS into XML/RDF.

Content Selection, PICS, and the Internet

ALA Annual Preconference Forum
- Content Selection, PICS, and the Internet: A Discussion of Technologies, Problems and Solutions
- Friday, June 27, 1997. Hilton Hotel, San Francisco

DesAutels, Philip. 1997. "PICS and the Dublin Core", Seminar on International Metadata Developments, 6 March 1997, National Library of Australia. <http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/meta/desautel/>.

Projects

[ARIADNE Project] Educational Metadata Recommendation Summary

These recommendations are derived from work and experiments during the last two years by 10 European universities and 5 international size corporations using the draft versions of the present metadata specifications as implemented in the ARIADNE prototype indexation tools and Knowledge Pool System.

Alexandria DL Metadata

EPA Scientific Metadata Standards Project

Metadata Server of SUB G?tingen

META-LIB

Metadata Initiative of German Libraries

MetaWeb Project

The aim of the Metadata Tools and Services project - known as MetaWeb - is to develop metadata element sets, user tools, and indexing services to promote the use of, and exploitation of, metadata on the Internet.

EdNA Metadata

Metadata on EdNA

EdNA Metadata Standard

The EdNA Metadata Standard is an extension of the Dublin Core metadata system.

EdNA metadata schemes

IMS Metadata Project

IMS Metadata [Instructional Management Systems Project]

The Instructional Management Systems Project, an Educom NLII initiative, is developing a specification and software for managing online learning resources. Learning resources can include people, educational service companies, content, tools, and activities. The IMS metadata specification and software uses metadata, a common set of descriptors, to provide a powerful means to describe and search for learning resources on the Internet.

IMS Metadata Dictionary

The IMS Metadata Dictionary defines all of the available fields and their values for IMS resources. For a less technical and excerpted version of the Dictionary.

IMS Metadata Technical Document Index

The Nordic Metadata Project

Hakala, Juha. 1998. The Nordic Metadata II Project: Cataloguing, Indexing and Retrieval of Network Documents. <http://linnea.helsinki.fi/meta/nm2plan.html>.

The 1st Nordic metadata project, which was finished on schedule in May 1998, has been a very successful library IT initiative. The Nordic metadata II project will start in the autumn, 1998, and last two years. The main task of the proposed Nordic metadata II is to develop further the tools built in the Nordic metadata I. Although all these tools are fully functional, we can make them. Another important task of the Nordic metadata II is improvement of the Dublin Core itself.

Hakala, Juha et al. 1998. The Nordic Metadata Project Final Report. Helsinki University Library. <http://linnea.helsinki.fi/meta/nmfinal.htm> or <http://linnea.helsinki.fi/meta/nmfinal.doc>

The Nordic Metadata Project Web Page. <http://linnea.helsinki.fi/meta/index.html>.

"Nordic Metadata Project". A presentation.

Traugott Koch, Lund Univ. Library, NetLab

Unfamiliar Metadata Project. <http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/metadata/>

UC Berkeley School of Information Management & Systems
The objective of this project is to link ordinary language queries to unfamiliar indexes and classifications. In this project, "Entry Vocabulary Modules" are built to respond adaptively to a searcher's query posed in ordinary language. This is accomplished by responding to the ordinary language query with a ranked list of terms that may more accurately represent what is sought as it is represented in the database of interest than the searcher's choice of terms. The aim of "Entry Vocabulary Modules" is to facilitate a more direct connection between ordinary language queries and unfamiliar indexing terms actually used to organize information in a variety of unfamiliar databases.

Resource Description Framework (RDF)

Brickley, Dan, and R.V. Guha. 2000. Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification 1.0. W3C Candidate Recommendation 27 March 2000. <http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema>.

This specification describes how to use RDF to describe RDF vocabularies. The specification also defines a basic vocabulary for this purpose, as well as an extensibility mechanism to anticipate future additions to RDF. This document is a Candidate Recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium.

RDF-in-Mozilla. <http://www.mozilla.org/rdf/doc/>.

The Resource Description Framework, or RDF, is a W3C technology that we're using in Mozilla to integrate and aggregate Internet resources.

Automatic RDF Metadata Generator. <http://scitsd.wlv.ac.uk:8080/metadata.html>.

This form enables you to automatically classify a Web page according to Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). You can also use it to automatically generate other metadata describing a page in RDF (Resource Description Framework) format.

Jenkins, Charlotte, Mike Jackson, Peter Burden, and Jon Wallis. 1999. "Automatic RDF Metadata Generation for Resource Discovery", Proceedings of the 8th International WWW Conference, Toronto, Canada, May 1999. <http://www8.org/w8-papers/2c-search-discover/automatic/automatic.html>.

Automatic metadata generation may provide a solution to the problem of inconsistent, unreliable metadata describing resources on the Web. The Resource Description Framework (RDF) provides a domain-neutral foundation on which extensible element sets can be defined and expressed in a standard notation. This paper describes how an automatic classifier, that classifies HTML documents according to Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), can be used to extract context sensitive metadata which is then represented using RDF. The process of automatic classification is described and an appropriate metadata element set is identified comprising those elements that can be extracted during classification. An RDF data model and an RDF schema are defined representing the element set and the classifier is configured to output the elements in RDF syntax according to the defined schema.

Lassila, Ora, and Ralph R. Swick. 1999. RDF Model and Syntax Specification. W3C Recommendation 22 February 1999. <http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/>.

This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from other documents. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.

¼­ÁøÈ£. 1998. "Ǫ½Ã ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ÇÙ½É, RDFÀÇ º£ÀÏÀ» ¹þ±ä´Ù", ¸¶ÀÌÅ©·Î¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î 1998³â 6¿ùÈ£: 254-264.

Boye, Janus. 1998. "RDF - What's in it for us", irt.org. <http://irt.org/articles/js086/index.htm>.

Dave's Resource Description Framework (RDF) Resources.

<http://www.cs.ukc.ac.uk/people/staff/djb1/research/metadata/rdf.shtml>.

Iannella, Renato. 1997. Application of RDF for Extensible Dublin Core Metadata. <http://www.dstc.edu.au/RDU/RDF/rdf-dc-app-19970808.html>.

Miller, Eric. 1998. "An Introduction to the Resource Description Framework", D-lib Magazine May, 1998. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html>.

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is an infrastructure that enables the encoding, exchange and reuse of structured metadata. RDF is an application of XML that imposes needed structural constraints to provide unambiguous methods of expressing semantics. RDF additionally provides a means for publishing both human-readable and machine-processable vocabularies designed to encourage the reuse and extension of metadata semantics among disparate information communities. The structural constraints RDF imposes to support the consistent encoding and exchange of standardized metadata provides for the interchangeability of separate packages of metadata defined by different resource description communities.

Miller, Eric, and Renato Iannella. 1998. Dublin Core Examples in RDF. <http://www.dstc.edu.au/RDU/PICS/dc-in-rdf-ex.html>.

This document presents a series of examples of the use of RDF syntax in encoding Dublin Core metadata records.

Moody, Glyn. 1998. "A New Dawn", New Scientist, 30 May 1998. <http://www.newscientist.com/ns/980530/xml.html>.

W3C Resource Description Framework

"What Is RDF?" Seminar.

• UKOLN
• 8th May 1998.
• <http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/what-is-rdf-may1998/>.

Weibel, Stuart (1997). "The Evolving Metadata Architecture for the World Wide Web: Bringing Together the Semantics, Structure and Syntax of Resource Description ", in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Research, Development and Practice in Digital Libraries : ISDL'97 <http://www.dl.ulis.ac.jp/ISDL97/proceedings/weibe.html>.

[abstract] The Internet can be thought of as a World-Wide Commons in which many previously-distinct resource description communities are mixed together. There is a need for a single metadata architecture of sufficient richness to support the many varieties of resource description that now exist or may evolve. The Resource Description Framework (RDF) represents the foundation for such an architecture on the Web.
The Dublin Core is currently the best-developed candidate for a simple resource description model for electronic resources on the Web. It represents the results of a three year process of concensus-building through a series of focussed, invitational workshops involving librarians, digital library researchers, and various content specialists from many countries.

RFC1807

RFC1807 : A Format for Bibliographic Record

This RFC defines a format for bibliographic records describing technical reports. This format is used by the Cornell University Dienst protocol and the Stanford University SIFT system. The original RFC (RFC 1357) was written by D. Cohen, ISI, July 1992. This is a revision of RFC 1357. New fields include handle, other_access, keyword, and withdraw.

Jacobsen, Dana (1995). RFC 1807: A Format for Bibliographic Records

RFC 1807, a memo, not a standard, defines a format for E-mailing bibliographic records of technical reports. It was designed to be easy to automatically parse, yet not as complex as something like MARC. As far as I know, RFC1807 is only used by a limited set of libraries for exchanging technical report data. Its main limitation seems to be that it only handles tech reports.

TEI Header

Text Encoding Initiative

Electronic Versions of the TEI Guidelines

Pouchard, Line (1998). "Cataloging for Digital Libraries: The TEI Scheme and the TEI Header ", Katharine Sharp Review 6. <http://edfu.lis.uiuc.edu/review/6/pouchard.html>

Workshop on the Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines and Their Application to Building Digitial Libraries, Bethesda, Maryland USA, March 20-23, 1996. <http://www.cs.vassar.edu/~ide/DL96/>

Other Metadata

Recordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies. Commenwealth of Austrailia. <http://www.naa.gov.au/govserv/techpub/rkms/intro.htm>

This standard describes the metadata that the National Archives of Australia recommends should be captured in the recordkeeping systems used by Commonwealth government agencies.

Admin Core

Iannella, R., D. Campbell. 1999-06-30. The A-Core: Metadata about Content Metadata. To be submitted to the IETF Internet-Draft. <http://metadata.net/admin/draft-iannella-admin-01.txt>

A-Core is used in the process of metadata management to associate the instruments (who, what) with the events (when) to provide simple verification of the integrity, ownership, and authorship of content metadata retrieved from networked resources.

Admin Core

Administrative metadata - referred to as 'Admin Core' - is useful to designate information about the creation and availability of other sets of metadata. The objective of Admin Core is to provide simple authentication to verify the integrity and provenance of information retrieved from networked resources. The Admin Core elements are utilised to associate date and creator information about metadata.

CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art)

CDWA Homepage

The Getty Information Institute / College Art Association

EAD (Encoded Archival Description)

Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Official Web Site

The EAD Document Type Definition (DTD) is a standard for encoding archival finding aids using the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). The standard is maintained in the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress (LC) in partnership with the Society of American Archivists.

Pitti, Daniel V. 1999. "Encoded Archival Description: An Introduction and Overview", D-lib Magazine, November 1999. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november99/11pitti.html>.

Encoded Archival Description (EAD) is an emerging standard used internationally in an increasing number of archives and manuscripts libraries to encode data describing corporate records and personal papers. The individual descriptions are variously called finding aids, guides, handlists, or catalogs. While archival description shares many objectives with bibliographic description, it differs from it in several essential ways. From its inception, EAD was based on SGML, and, with the release of EAD version 1.0 in 1998, it is also compliant with XML. EAD was, and continues to be, developed by the archival community. While development was initiated in the United States, international interest and contribution are increasing. EAD is currently administered and maintained jointly by the Society of American Archivists and the United States Library of Congress. Developers are currently exploring ways to internationalize the administration and maintenance of EAD to reflect and represent the expanding base of users.

EAD Working Group, Committee on Archival Information Exchange, Society of American Archivists. June 1998. EAD Tag Library for Version 1.0. Society of American Archivists. <http://lcweb.loc.gov/ead/tglib/>

Encoded Archival Description (EAD) is a set of rules for designating the intellectual and physical parts of archival finding aids so that the information contained therein may be searched, retrieved, displayed, and exchanged in a predictable platform-independent manner. The EAD rules are written in the form of a Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Document Type Definition (DTD), which uses coded representations of elements for efficient machine-processing by SGML authoring and viewing software. As a natural-language translation of the EAD DTD, the tag library conveys information about the three principal tasks accomplished by the DTD. First, the EAD DTD breaks down the content of finding aids into data fields or categories of information called "elements." All of these elements are named, defined, and described in the EAD Tag Library. Secondly, the tag library identifies and defines any attributes that the DTD has associated with those elements. Attributes are characteristics or properties that further refine the element designation. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, the tag library expresses the DTD structure by explaining the relationship between elements, specifying where the elements may be used and describing how they may be modified with attributes.

ICPSR

ICPSR Guide to Social Science Data Preparation and Archiving

LOM (Learning Object Metadata)

Learning Object Metadata (LOM) v.2.1

IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC).
This standard will specify the syntax and semantics of Learning Object metadata, defined as the attributes required to fully/adequately describe a Learning Object. Learning Objects are defined here as any entity, digital or non-digital, which can be used, re-used or referenced during technology-supported learning.

IEEE P1484.12 Learning Objects And Metadata Working Group

Sample XML DTD for LTSC Metadata. http://www.manta.ieee.org/p1484/xml/intro.htm

MoA II Metadata

The Making of America II Testbed Project White Paper. Version 1.03 (March 16, 1998). <http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/moa2/wp-v1_03.html> or <http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/moa2/wp-v1_03.pdf>.

Part III: Implementing the Service Model for MoA II

MoA II Metadata
1) Descriptive Metadata
2) Structural Metadata
    Structural Metadata Elements and Features Tables
3) Administrative Metadata
    Administrative Metadata Elements and Features Tables

SeriCore

½Ã½ºÅÛ°øÇм¾ÅÍ. SeriCore Çؼ® ¹× °ËÁõ±â

ÀÌ¿ø¼® µî. 1997. "ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌŸ °Ë»ö ¹× °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¼³°è ¹× ±¸Çö", Çѱ¹¹®ÇåÁ¤º¸ÇÐȸÁö: 199-215.

Á¤È¿ÅÃ. 1997. Web»óÀÇ ÀüÀÚ¹®¼­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¸ÞŸµ¥ÀÌŸ ¸ðµ¨ Á¦¾È ¹× °ü¸®½Ã½ºÅÛ °³¹ß. ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø ¼®»çÇÐÀ§³í¹®.

SOIF (Summary Object Interchange Format)

Harvest Summary Object Interchange Format (SOIF)

STATS (Scientific and Technical Attribute and Element Set)

STAS at CNIDR

The Scientific and Technical Attribute and Element Set (STAS) defines standard identifiers for referring to searchable and retrievable fields within scientific, technical, and related databases. The goal of STAS is to improve interoperability among consumers and providers of scientific, technical, and related information using the standard Z39.50 search and retrieval protocol.

VRA Core

VRA Core Categories, Version 3.0

The VRA Core Categories, Version 3.0 consist of a single element set that can be applied as many times as necessary to create records to describe works of visual culture as well as the images that document them. The VRA Core 3.0 is intended as a point of departure-not a completed application. The elements that comprise the Core are designed to facilitate the sharing of information among visual resources collections about works and images.

Resource Pages for Metadata

Metadata Information Clearinghouse

This site was initiated by the Metadata Subcommittee of the Enabling Technologies Committee of the AAP (Association of American Publishers). It is intended to serve as a clearinghouse of information about Metadata projects, standards, and initiatives.

[¹Ð¾ç´ëÇб³ µµ¼­°ü À̼®±â] Metadata and Dublin Core

[Collorado Digitization Project] Digital Toolbox - Metadata

This section includes links to sites that provide information on metadata and other cataloging and indexing information in relation to digital collections.

Dublin Core 2 Metadata Listserv Archive Search Page

html-metadata archive by thread

ADAM: ADAM Quick Guide to Metadata

Metadata.Net

Metadata.Net is maintained by the Resource Discovery Unit of the DSTC

Metadata from the Networks Research Group at Loughborough

[CESSE] Metadata Standards Directory

This is a list of lists of metadata standards, and a direct link to exemple metadata standards. Criteria for inclusion here: number of quality records relevant to metadata standards mainly but not only focused on Internet, environment, geography and sustainable development. We try to keep only the best starting point for each subject. It can be a list that makes a selection of best sources, or an comprehensive list with some tool for preselection (short description, search tool, ...).

DSTC - Resource Discovery Unit

[D-Lib Working Groups] Metadata

[IEEE] Metadata and Data Management Info Page

This information page is an information source for metadata and data management issues. It contains information on Upcoming Events, Documents and meeting minutes from the, IEEE Mass Storage Systems and Technology Committee sponsored, Metadata Workshops, Mail Archives from the ieee-metadata@llnl.gov majordomo list, as well as pointers to other related information.

[National Library of Australia] Meta Matters

This Website is intended to help Web content providers improve the effectiveness of searching for information resources on the World Wide Web. Difficulties in finding scattered Web resources have prompted the development of simplified metadata standards which could be used by authors, or Web content creators/publishers, to facilitate easier access for Web users. The National Library encourages any initiative which seeks to implement standard metadata schemas such as the Dublin Core.

[IFLA] Metadata Resources

[SIL] SGML and Metadata

SGML/XML and Metadata Initiatives

by Robin Cover.

[Telematics for Libraries] Metadata Projects, Resources, Workshops

[UKOLN] Metadata

Weibel, Stuart / Personal Information Page

Senior Research Scientist, OCLC.

[W3C] Metadata at W3C

van der Werf, Titia. Metadata References

Last modified 2000.06.08
maintained by Jae-Yun Lee